Thursday, March 17, 2011

Rachel Maddow compares the Japan nuclear disaster to Three Mile Island and Chernobyl

Rachel Maddow has done some stunningly amazing coverage of the nuclear emergency in Japan. Explaining in clear terms the reality of what's happening, and bringing on nuclear scientists to explain clearly the physical characteristics of the nuclear meltdown as it's occurring day-by-day. The concern today is the spent fuel in the cooling ponds on-site. These cooling ponds are located in the upper portion of the outer containment structures. It's those outer containment structures which have blown up, and obviously there is no effective containment of the spent fuel rods. The critical thing is to keep the spent fuel pools cool, and filled with water, but it appears at least two of the pools are empty of water. Dry. Which will mean they have zero cooling, could catch on fire.

In one video today she gave us clear comparison with the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. At Chernobyl there were 180 tons of nuclear fuel which blew up and burned. On site at these Japanese plants, between the various spent fuel ponds is more tonnage of spent fuel.

As we can see in the videos below, aerial pictures have been taken of the plant site, and we can see just how bad is the damage to the containment buildings. On Reactor 4 the walls are just gone, period.

This sort of reporting is to be valued and treasured - clear eyed presentation of the truth as it is, along with honest analysis. (see Rachel Maddow: Nuclear Plants Threatened by Earthquake for the story she told on Monday)

Understanding the concern about spent fuel pools

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How much radioactive material is at the Fukishima plant

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Assessing and strategizing against a nuclear emergency

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Wednesday, March 16, 2011

Japan warned over nuclear plants, WikiLeaks cables (and other Japan earthquake news)

Japan warned over nuclear plants, WikiLeaks cables show 15 Mar 2011 Japan was warned more than two years ago by the international nuclear watchdog that its nuclear power plants were not capable of withstanding powerful earthquakes, leaked diplomatic cables reveal. An official from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said in December 2008 that safety rules were out of date and strong earthquakes would pose a "serious problem" for nuclear power stations.

Two of the 'Fukushima 50' missing in reactor as new fire breaks out 16 Mar 2011 They are known as the "Fukushima 50" and two of them are missing after an explosion and fire at one of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant yesterday and a new fire there today. The latest fire, in No 4 reactor, is out but now Japan has temporarily suspended operations to save its stricken nuclear power plant from meltdown after a sudden spike in radiation made it too dangerous for the engineers to remain at the facility, the Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano says.

Fukushima workers evacuate after radiation spikes --The workers were ordered to leave the facility after the level of radiation at the plant soared to 10 millisievert per hour - above the level considered harmful to human health 16 Mar 2011 Workers battling to prevent nuclear meltdown at the stricken Fukushima Daiichi plant were temporarily evacuated on Wednesday morning after radiation levels became too dangerous for them to remain... Its operator, Tokyo Electric Power [Tepco] said it was considering using helicopters to spray the crippled No. 4 reactor with water and boric acid - a fire retardant - in an attempt to prevent more radiation leaks. The 50 or so engineers, working around the clock in harsh conditions, spent the morning trying to put out a fire at one reactor and to cool others at risk of overheating and reaching criticality.

Staff Evacuated From Japanese Nuclear Plant 16 Mar 2011 Japan has withdrawn all of its workers from the Fukushima nuclear power plant - saying it is too dangerous after a surge in radiation. The decision comes after a second fire broke out in a reactor after a prior blaze had not been properly extinguished. On Tuesday all non-essential staff were evacuated from the complex but 50 other had remained behind to attempt to cool down the reactors by injecting water.

Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese Workers [Truth be told, Scott Walker - and the GOP - would have their benefits cut.] 16 Mar 2011 A small crew of technicians, braving radiation and fire, became the only people remaining at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on Tuesday -- and perhaps Japan’s last chance of preventing a broader nuclear catastrophe... They are the faceless 50, the unnamed operators who stayed behind. They have volunteered, or been assigned, to pump seawater on dangerously exposed nuclear fuel, already thought to be partly melting and spewing radioactive material, to prevent full meltdowns that could throw thousands of tons of radioactive dust high into the air and imperil millions of their compatriots... The workers are being asked to make escalating -- and perhaps existential -- sacrifices that so far are being only implicitly acknowledged: Japan’s Health Ministry said Tuesday it was raising the legal limit on the amount of radiation to which each worker could be exposed, to 250 millisieverts from 100 millisieverts, five times the maximum exposure permitted for American nuclear plant workers.

Russia says Japan may face meltdown at six reactors 15 Mar 2011 Russia's nuclear chief warned on Tuesday that all six reactors at a stricken Japanese nuclear plant could melt down unless the authorities scrambled to cool down the nuclear fuel rods. Japan is grappling with a nuclear disaster after the quake-crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant exploded in the worst nuclear accident since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Soviet Ukraine. Sergei Kiriyenko, who holds sway over most of the former Soviet Union's nuclear facilities, told Russia's Prime Minister Vladimir Putin that under the worst case scenario all six reactors could melt down.

Tokyo Electric Says 2 Nuclear Reactor Cores May Be Damaged 16 Mar 2011 fire and aftershocks struck the crippled Fukushima Dai-Ichi power plant today, as officials battling to prevent a nuclear meltdown said fuel rods at two reactors may have been damaged. Clouds of white smoke or steam started rising from reactor buildings at 10 a.m. and moving westward inland. Japan Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said radiation levels at the plant rose at that time but have since fallen. About 70 percent of the uranium-plutonium fuel rods at the plant’s No. 1 reactor and a third of the No. 2 reactor’s fuel may have been impaired, Tokyo Electric Power Co. said.

Fukushima No. 3 reactor's container feared damaged: gov't spokesman 16 Mar 2011 Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said Wednesday that the container of the No.3 reactor of the troubled Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant might have been damaged and leaked radioactive steam. According to the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, hourly radiation near the plant was measured at 6.4 millisievert at 10:45 a.m. local time (0145 GMT). Earlier in the day Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) said that a fire had broken out at the No.4 reactor building at the scene of a blaze Tuesday at the plant where high amounts of radiation have been detected.

Panicked residents start to flee Tokyo as radiation levels rise after THIRD blast at stricken nuclear power plant --Radiation leaking directly into the air from stricken Fukushima nuclear plant --Power station has now suffered three reactor explosions and one fire --One reactor core 'exposed to the atmosphere' through crack in containment wall --Radiation levels up to ten times higher than normal in Tokyo 15 Mar 2011 Scores of terrified residents began to flee Tokyo today as a nuclear power plant destroyed by the tsunami threatened to send a cloud of radioactive dust across Japan. The Fukushima Dai-ichi plant suffered a third reactor explosion last night, another reactor on the site caught fire - and officials today announced the wall of one reactor was cracked. Radiation levels have soared across the country as radioactive material spewed directly into the atmosphere while emergency crews fought to avoid a catastrophic meltdown. Levels of radiation were ten times higher than normal in the capital today, as experts warned that people in Japan could face an increased cancer risk even if the crisis does not deteriorate.

Japanese nuclear plant hit by fire and third explosion --Radiation around Fukushima Daiichi plant has reached levels damaging to health 15 Mar 2011 Japan is facing the world's biggest nuclear crisis for decades as engineers struggle to regain control of the Fukushima plant following another explosion and a fire that caused a spike in radiation to harmful levels. Amid growing fears that the situation is heading for catastrophe, 70 technicians are still battling to cool reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi facility but non-essential personnel have been ordered to leave and the Kyodo news agency reported that radiation levels have become too high for staff to remain in control rooms.

Japan safety agency: roof cracked at Fukushima No 4 reactor 15 Mar 2011 Two workers are missing after Tuesday's explosion at one of the reactors at a crippled Japanese nuclear plant, the country's nuclear safety agency said. The agency did not identify the missing workers, but said they were in the turbine area of the No.4 reactor at the Fukushima nuclear plant, which was damaged by last Friday's earthquake and tsunami. Agency official also told a news conference there was a crack in the roof of the reactor building.

Japan plans to bulldoze access route to damaged nuclear plant 16 Mar 2011 Japan's nuclear safety agency said on Wednesday that operators of nuclear power plant that was critically damaged by an earthquake and tsunami last week plan to bulldoze an emergency route to the facility to allow access for fire trucks. The Daiichi plant in Fukushima, northern Japan, was billowing smoke or steam on Wednesday after fire broke out at the crippled facility.

Military Rescuers Brace for Japan Radiation in U.S. Aid Flights 15 Mar 2011 Low levels of radiation exposure probably will become "a fact of life" for U.S. military forces flying relief and rescue missions to aid victims of Japan’s earthquake as they near areas affected by leaks from a damaged nuclear plant, according to a U.S. Navy spokesman. "Having crews return with detectable levels of radiation is going to be a fact of life with this mission for the foreseeable future," said Lieutenant Anthony Falvo, a spokesman for the Seventh Fleet in Japan... The Navy treated two Seventh Fleet air crew members with potassium iodide pills as a precaution this week after they became contaminated with radiation emitted from the damaged nuclear plant at Fukushima.

U.S. Navy Detects Radiation 200 Miles From Japan Nuclear Plant 15 Mar 2011 The U.S. Navy said Tuesday that very low levels of airborne radiation were detected at Yokosuka and Atsugi bases, about 200 miles to the north of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Fox News has confirmed that a small number of U.S. service members have been exposed to radiation Tuesday and are being treated with potassium iodide pills.

EU orders urgent checks at all nuclear stations 16 Mar 2011 Nuclear power stations in Europe are to be subjected to safety tests, it was announced last night, as Japanese engineers continued their desperate fight to prevent an atomic catastrophe after the devastating earthquake and tsunami. The European Commission ordered stress tests to be carried out on all EU plants as it reacted to dramatic developments in Japan, where it was revealed four explosions had rocked a nuclear power station that was leaking radiation.

Number two House Democrat opposes moratorium on new nuclear facilities 15 Mar 2011 The number two House Democrat, Steny Hoyer, whose Maryland district includes a nuclear power facility, told reporters Tuesday he doesn't support a moratorium on construction of any new nuclear facilities in the United States, a proposal some Democrats are pushing in the wake of the nuclear crisis in Japan. "I don't agree on a moratorium if a moratorium means that we simply stop in place," Hoyer told reporters Tuesday. "I've been and continue to be a proponent of nuclear power," Hoyer said.


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Tuesday, March 15, 2011

General Electric-designed reactors in Fukushima have 23 sisters in U.S

Many of the reactors in Japan were designed by General Electric (a major nuclear plant vendor) and widely built across the U.S. 23 of the 104 nuclear plants in the U.S. are GE boiling-water reactors with GE's Mark I systems for containing radioactivity. They are in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Vermont.

They quote GE Hitachi Nuclear saying: "The BWR Mark 1 reactor is the industry’s workhorse with a proven track record of safety and reliability for more than 40 years. Today, there are 32 BWR Mark 1 reactors operating as designed worldwide. There has never been a breach of a Mark 1 containment system."

GE and the nuclear power industry of course wants to downplay dangers of this, and make it look like it's all nice and safe. One key factoid of the failure is that it's due to a failure of the cooling system, and that came because they'd located on-site backup diesel electricity generators on low-lying ground because they thought the seawall would withstand a tsunami. Unfortunately this tsunami was tall enough to overwhelm the seawall, swamp the generators, and the cooling system had no electricity to keep the reactor pile cool.

Every step of this accident follow from that failure.

The Nuclear Information and Resource Service contends that the Mark I design has design problems. Their fact sheet is embedded below.

The MSNBC report linked below has a lot more useful information. The data comes from the NRC database of nuclear power plants linked below.

NIRS Fact Sheet on Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant


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Monday, March 14, 2011

Japan radiation leaks feared as nuclear experts point to possible cover-up

An earlier post based on information reported this morning on Democracy Now raised the question Can we trust the official story about the nuclear catastrophe in Japan? Basically there is a history of lying and downplaying the true severity of the situation. This happened before many times - people are referring to attempted coverups surrounding the Chernobyl accident but we can think of many other cases, such as the initial response to the SARS outbreak. It's understandable in a way, nobody likes to admit failure, especially in front of a world stage, and there are questions of liability. A company who admits to how serious is the damage from their actions can be held legally liable for huge compensation payments. For example during the oil spill disaster last year it was clear BP was downplaying the damage, and that way to keep the compensation payments lower.

The Guardian (London) is making a similar report (see link below). "Nuclear experts have thrown doubt on the accuracy of official information issued about the Fukushima nuclear accident, saying that it followed a pattern of secrecy and cover-ups employed in other nuclear accidents."

"They have evacuated 180,000 people but say there is no radiation." Meaning, the Japanese must know what's actually going on, and have evacuated that many people for good cause, hence we can only assume they're covering up?

They refer to a diplomatic cable coming from the recent WikiLeaks release saying that responsible Japanese government officials have been "covering up nuclear accidents and obscuring the true costs and problems associated with the nuclear industry".


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Can we trust the official story about the nuclear catastrophe in Japan?

The fifth most powerful ever recorded earthquake struck off the coast of Japan last Friday, measuring 8.9 on the Richtor scale. It triggered a massive Tsunami that completely overwhelmed the anti-Tsunami infrastructure installed along Japan's coast line. The Tsunami even caused damage along the California coast, thousands of miles away. That much is bad enough, but it's being compounded by a nuclear catastrophe triggered when the Tsunami struck nuclear power plants on the coast. Todays episode of Democracy Now includes in-depth coverage of the issue including a lot of information demonstrating long-running official prevarication and denial.

The official line is that "we will learn from this" and "disseminate the lessons" to nuclear plants world-wide. (see: Obama proposes nuclear power expansion while Japan has nuclear crisis) Obama is simply the latest of U.S. Presidents to propose nuclear power to replace the use of fossil oil fuels. This should be seen as evidence of the high-level support for the expansion of nuclear power, risks be damned.

The crisis at the Japanese nuclear plants should be seen as evidence of to be more careful about nuclear power than we have so far, and perhaps to simply ban its use. Three or more nuclear reactors are in some degree of nuclear meltdown, with nuclear waste ponds in contact with the open air, and a likelihood of the nuclear core also becoming exposed to the air. It's plausible we'll see a radioactive plume spewing into the air, which will go out over the ocean, enter trade winds and spread around the Pacific Ocean.

Here's a few excerpts from the show, you'll find video and a link to the full transcript below. Also have a followup article covering a report in The Guardian: Japan radiation leaks feared as nuclear experts point to possible cover-up

Amy Goodman: ... While Japanese officials are playing down any health risk, Pentagon officials reported Sunday helicopters flying 60 miles from the plant picked up small amounts of radioactive particulates, suggesting widening environmental contamination. And the U.S. Navy moved one of its aircraft carriers from the area after detecting low-level radiation 100 miles offshore. The New York Times reports radioactive releases of steam from the crippled plants could go on for weeks or even months. Tens of thousands of people have been evacuated from the area around the plant. At least 22 people have tested positive for radiation exposure, with the number expected to rise. ...

YURIKA AYUKAWA: ...The latest one is the threatening of meltdown by nuclear reactor 2 at Fukushima 1 site. So, this is the third reactor that’s going to be in a very critical situation. All of the fuel rods seems to be out of water, and they are pouring in seawater, but they couldn’t detect how much water they’ve put in, in the beginning, and now they said it’s going in, but still there is a lot of—the whole rod is exposed. And the latest news is that they found some radioactive materials, like—they didn’t say the name, but I feel it’s like cesium—around the site. So, there must be melting going on inside the reactor.

HARVEY WASSERMAN: Well, it’s hugely significant, and it’s a very, very dangerous situation. I should note that the first reactor at Fukushima is identical to the Vermont Yankee plant, and which is now up for relicensing and which the people of Vermont are trying to shut. And we should also note that this kind of accident, this kind of disaster, could have occurred at four reactors in California, had the 9.0-Richter-scale earthquake hit close to Diablo Canyon at San Luis Obispo or San Onofre between L.A. and San Diego. We could very well now be watching Los Angeles or San Diego being evacuated, had this kind of thing happened in California. And, of course, the issue is the same in Vermont. There are 23 reactors in the United States that are identical or close to identical to the first Fukushima reactor....

YURIKA AYUKAWA: What the government and the Tokyo Electric is saying is what—just as just Kevin explained. They are trying to downgrade the critical situation and make the people don’t get worried or—so, we are totally not sure. There’s no transparency about the information that they are saying. They don’t give enough—what—actually, maybe they don’t actually know precisely what to say, but nothing concrete is being announced. So, we don’t know what is really going on. So, there’s no transparency in what they’re speaking....

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Saturday, March 12, 2011

Rachel Maddow: Nuclear Plants Threatened by Earthquake

Yesterday a massive earthquake struck Japan (8.9 Richtor) and one of the effects was to trigger a nuclear emergency at a couple of Japan's nuclear power plants. There are fears of a nuclear meltdown because of the severe damage. To put this in perspective, this is worse than the Three Mile Island accident but has not yet reached the level of the Chernobyl accident.

This is Rachel Maddow's excellent report on the danger, including an interview of Union of Concerned Scientists Senior Scientist Edwin Lyman.

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Explosion at Fukushima nuclear plant due to 8.9 Richtor earthquake on March 11, 2011

A massive earthquake struck Japan yesterday. One of the effects was to trigger a "Nuclear Emergency" at two or more of Japan's nuclear power plants. At one of the plants, Fukushima, there was an explosion shown in the video below.

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